Bromine is a chemical element with atomic number 35 which means there are 35 protons and 35 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Bromine is Br. Bromine is the third-lightest halogen, and is a fuming red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to form a similarly coloured gas. The atomic number, 35, is the number of protons (+ charge) in the nucleus. In order to be neutral, the number of electrons (- charge) must match the number of protons. The atomic mass, 79.9, is the average of bromine's 2 stable isotopes: Br-79 (50.69%) and Br-81 (49.31%). Bromine is a toxic oily liquid of intense red color, known for its strong unpleasant.
Atomic Number: 35: Atomic Radius: 183 pm (Van der Waals) Atomic Symbol: Br: Melting Point:-7.2 °C: Atomic Weight: 79.90: Boiling Point: 58.8 °C: Electron Configuration.
The key difference between bromine and chlorine is that Bromine is less reactive than chlorine.
Halogens are group VII elements in the periodic table. All of these elements are electronegative elements and have the capability to produce -1 anion. The members of this group include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine.
CONTENTS
My passport for mac ntfs. 1. Overview and Key Difference
2. What is Bromine
3. What is Chlorine
4. Side by Side Comparison – Bromine vs Chlorine in Tabular Form
5. Summary
What is Bromine?
Bromine is denoted by the symbol Br. This is in the 4th period of the periodic table between chlorine and iodine halogens. Its electron configuration is [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p5. Furthermore, the atomic number of bromine is 35. Its atomic mass is 79.904. Bromine stays as a red-brown colour liquid at room temperature. It exists as a diatomic molecule, Br2. Moreover, it is toxic, corrosive and has a strong odour.
The chemical reactivity of bromine lies between that of chlorine and iodine. Bromine is less reactive than chlorine but more reactive than iodine. It produces the bromide ion by taking up one electron. Therefore, it participates in ionic compound formation easily. Actually, in nature, bromine exists as bromide salts instead of Br2. There are two stable bromine isotopes. 79Br (50.69 %) and 81Br (49.31%) are those isotopes.
Bromine is slightly soluble in water but soluble well in organic solvents like chloroform. It can be produced by treating bromide-rich brines with chlorine gas, or else bromine gas can be produced by treating HBr with sulfuric acid. Further, it is widely important in industry and chemical laboratories. Bromide compounds are useful as gasoline additives and for pesticides.
What is Chlorine?
Chlorine is an element in the periodic table we denote by Cl. It is a halogen (17th group) in the 3rd period of the periodic table. The atomic number of chlorine is 17; thus, it has seventeen protons and seventeen electrons. Its electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5. Since the p sublevel should have 6 electrons to obtain the Argon noble gas electron configuration, chlorine has the ability to attract an electron.
Figure 02: A Sample of Chlorine Audio codec for mac os.
Chlorine has a very high electronegativity, which is about 3, according to the Pauling scale. Moreover, the atomic weight of chlorine is 35.453 amu. Under room temperature, it exists as a diatomic molecule (Cl2). Cl2 is a yellow-greenish colour gas.
Chlorine has a melting point of -101.5 °C and a boiling point of -34.04 °C. Among all the chlorine isotopes, Cl-35 and Cl-37 are the most stable isotopes. When chlorine gas dissolves in water, it forms hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acid, which are highly acidic.
Chlorine has all the oxidation numbers varying from -1 to +7. Further, it is a highly reactive gas. It can release bromine and iodine from bromide and iodide salts, respectively. Therefore, it has the ability to oxide the anions of elements which are located below chlorine in the periodic table. However, it cannot oxidize fluoride to give fluorine. Chlorine is mainly produced by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions. Then at the anode, we can collect chlorine gas. Chlorine is mainly important as a disinfectant in water purification. Further, it is useful in manufacturing a wide range of consumer products like food, insecticides, paints, petroleum products, plastics, medicines, textiles, solvents.
What is the Difference Between Bromine and Chlorine?
Bromine is a chemical element having the atomic number 35 and symbol Br while Chlorine is a chemical element having the atomic number 17 and symbol Cl. The key difference between bromine and chlorine is that Bromine is less reactive than chlorine.
Moreover, the atomic masses of bromine and chlorine are 79.904 amu and 35.453 amu, respectively. Also, a further difference between bromine and chlorine is that the bromine occurs as a red-brown colour liquid at room temperature, while the chlorine occurs as a yellow-greenish colour gas.
Below is a summary of the difference between bromine and chlorine in tabular form.
Summary – Bromine vs Chlorine
Bromine is a chemical element having the atomic number 35 and symbol Br. Chlorine is a chemical element having atomic number 17 and symbol Cl. In summary, the key difference between bromine and chlorine is that Bromine is less reactive than chlorine.
Reference:
1. “Bromine – Element Information, Properties and Uses | Periodic Table.” Royal Society of Chemistry – Advancing Excellence in the Chemical Sciences, Available here.
Image Courtesy:
1. “Bromine-ampoule” By Jurii – (CC BY 3.0) via Commons Wikimedia
2. “Chlorine-sample” By Benjah-bmm27 – Own work (Public Domain) via Commons Wikimedia
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Bromine: isolation
Isolation: bromine is available commercially so it is not normally necessary to make it in the laboratory. Bromine also occurs in seawater as the sodium salt but in much smaller quantities than chloride. It is recovered commercially through the treatment of seawater with chlorine gas and flushing through with air. In this treatment, bromide is oxidized to bromine by the chlorine gas. The principle of oxidation of bromide to bromine is shown by the addition of a little chlorine water to aqueous solutions of bromide. These become brown as elemental bromine forms.
2Br- + Cl2 → 2Cl- + Br2
Small amounts of bromine can also be made through the reaction of solid sodium bromide, NaBr, with concentrated sulphuric acid, H2SO4. The first stage is formation of HBr, which is a gas, but under the reaction conditions some of the HBr is oxidized by further H2SO4 to form bromine and sulphur dioxide. This reaction does not work with the corresponding chlorides and fluorides.
Atomic Number Of Bromine
NaBr (s) + H2SO4 (l) → HBr (g) + NaHSO4 (s)
Atomic Number Of Bromide
2HBr (g) + H2SO4 (l) → Br2 (g) + SO2 (g) + 2H2O (l)